Oh, that's super cool. And then I guess the big question is, what does all of this data, what does all these analyses tell us about our ability to potentially deflect some asteroids in the future? F. Human heart at EGA 8 weeks (CS 18). Scale bar = 1350 micrometers. ‘LVOT’ is the left ventricular outlow, ‘RV’ is the right ventricle, ‘LV’ is the left ventricle, and ‘PA’ is the pulmonary artery. Orts-Llorca F, Puerta Fonolla J, Sobrado J . The formation, septation and fate of the truncus arteriosus in man. J Anat 1982; 134(Pt 1):41–56. B. Mouse heart at E14.5. Scale bar = 350 micrometers. ‘PV’ and the arrow denote the single pulmonary vein orifice present in the mouse.

D. Human heart at EGA 7 3/7 weeks (CS 16). Scale bar = 900 micrometers. Arrow denotes the single right superior vena cava. Sizarov A, Lamers WH, Mohun TJ, Brown NA, Anderson RH, Moorman AF . Three-dimensional and molecular analysis of the arterial pole of the developing human heart. J Anat 2012; 220:336–49.Glinka ME, Samuels BA, Diodato A, Teillon J, Feng Mei D, Shykind BM, Hen R, Fleischmann A (2012) Olfactory deficits cause anxiety-like behaviors in mice. J Neurosci 32(19):6718–6725. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4287-11.2012 Shakibi JG, Diehl AM . Postnatal development of the heart in normal Swiss-Webster mice. Lab Anim Sci 1972; 22:668–83. First up on the show this week, we know that emotions can induce changes in the body, but new research is showing how changes in the body might be inducing emotions. Benjamin Thompson is here with the story. Touhara K, Vosshall LB (2009) Sensing odorants and pheromones with chemosensory receptors. Annu Rev Physiol 71:307–332. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163209 Next, we used MULTI-seq to profile heart samples from multiple stages from E9.5 to P9 (Fig. S4). These stages included the major heart developmental points, including four-chamber formation, coronary vascular formation, birth, and loss of cardiomyocyte regeneration (Fig. 1B). To do this, we first analyzed chamber-specific characteristics at ages E9.5 to P3. To assess the impact of loading cell numbers on the scRNA-seq results, we used three cell numbers (5k, 10k, and 25k) in the MULTI-seq analysis. Second, we profiled CD1 hearts from P2 to P9 with the four chambers separated. Third, as described before, we profiled the CD1 hearts from E18.5 and P1. Considering that the CD1 strain has a low penetrance of developing cardiac phenotypes and has been mostly used to study normal heart developmental processes 27, 48, 49, we also profiled heart cells in C57BL/6—a mouse strain frequently used to model heart defects 50, 51. We analyzed C57BL/6 mouse hearts from E9.5 to P9. In summary, we profiled 72 heart samples with chamber separation at 18 stages in CD1 mice and 68 samples with chamber separation at 17 stages in C57BL/6 mice (Fig. 1B).

G. Human heart at EGA 8 (CS 18). Scale bar = 1500 micrometers. The arrowhead shows the outlet ventricular septum. Hurst JL (2009) Female recognition and assessment of males through scent. Behav Brain Res 200(2):295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2008.12.020 Have you ever got so anxious that you felt your heart start to race? It's something that many of us have experienced, and it can be frightening. The effect that emotional states like anxiety have on organs like the heart, and the ways they do it are well explored. But what about the other way round? It's a question that physiologists, philosophers, and psychologists have puzzled over for a very long time, as Karl Deisseroth from Stanford University in the US explains. H. Human heart at EGA 9 1/7 weeks (CS 22). Scale bar = 2000 micrometers. The arrowhead shows the closed interventricular foramen.Research Highlight: How to measure the brain of an octopus 10:57 How NASA’s DART mission beat expectiations McElhinney DB, Marshall AC, Wilkins-Haug LE, Brown DW, et al. Predictors of technical success and postnatal biventricular outcome after in utero aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Circulation 2009; 120:1482–90. Anderson RH, Webb S, Brown NA, Lamers W, Moorman A . Development of the heart: (3) formation of the ventricular outflow tracts, arterial valves, and intrapericardial arterial trunks. Heart 2003; 89:1110–8. In one set of experiments, the team briefly increased the heart-rate of mice by about a third, from a mouse's baseline of 660 beats per minute, up to 900 beats per minute, and cycle this change every couple of seconds. But this increase on its own didn't produce any anxiety related behavior.